PTFE Lined Dip Tubes, Dip Pipes, Spargers & Diverters
ChemTite® Ethylene™ Ethylarmor® PTFE lined and covered armored dip tubes and spargers are designed exclusively for the rigorous demands of agitating vessels or the high stress of injection.
The ChemTite® Ethylene™ Ethylarmor® product line includes DF (double flanged) Dip Tubes, SF (single flanged) Dip Tubes, Diverter Pipes, AGI Dip Tubes, Spargers, Solid PTFE Dip Tubes and Spargers, Solid PTFE Dip Tubes and Spargers, Extended Flares and Nozzle Liners.
In highly agitated services with highly viscous materials, the load on the dip tube must be determined. Information needed to calculate the load is performed with Ethylarmor® Calculations.
Product Features & Benefits
- HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION RESISTANCE: Ethylarmor® Dip Tubes and Spargers combine the high temperature and near-universal corrosion resistance of PTFEwith the mechanical strength of an encapsulated Schedule 80 carbon steel pipe for tough applications such as agitated reactors.
- DURABILITY: Ethylarmor™ Dip Tubes and Spargers pass both the ASTM F423 steam-cold water cycle test and a 10,000-volt electrostatic spark test, the industry's most rigorous testing program. This virtually eliminates the possibility of heat-seal failure and resultant damage to the reactor's fragile glass lining.
- DESIGN: A broad range of optional features are available to meet your process requirements. These include Diverters (to direct liquid/gas flow away or towards vessel walls), Extended Flares (to eliminate additional reducing flanges), Spargers, Anti-Siphon Holes, etc.
- EXTENDED FLARE TECHNOLOGY: eliminates costly reducing flanges by allowing oversized mounting flanges to be integrated into dip tube fabrication. Extended Flare Technology is an important factor in the reduction of fugitive emissions; fewer connections mean fewer leak points. The extended flare is subjected to the same rigorous steam-cold water and a 10,000-voltage test as other Ethylarmor® products.
- ELIMINATE DAMAGE TO FRAGILE NOZZLES: Used in glass-lined steel reactors and vessels, Ethylarmor® Nozzle Liners eliminate damage to fragile nozzles during the insertion and operation of dip tubes, spargers, and instrumentation. Nozzle liners also reduce erosion of the glass or alloy vessel nozzles by steam or abrasive materials, preventing process contamination and expensive repairs. Solids build-up is also reduced. They are provided in lengths to meet your exact requirements.
- UNIQUE TIGHT RADIUS BEND: The Ethylarmor® Diverter Tube provides a unique tight radius bend capability when a diverter is required to deflect liquid or gas either toward or away from a vessel wall. The curvature at the bottom of the tube simplifies the installation of the dip tube in reactors with limited overhead space. Variations of the standard diverter's geometry can be accommodated in most cases.
- VARIETY OF SIZES: Depending on your project, a variety of diameters and length configurations are available.
- ENDURES DEMANDING CONDITIONS: Withstand the heat, corrosion, and stress of your most demanding processes.
Ethylarmor® Double Flanged and Single Flanged Dip Tubes
These standard dip tubes can be supplied in a variety of diameters and length configurations. Maximum recommended unsupported length for agitated service is shown in the table below (a general guide only). Ethylene will review your specific service conditions and advise a suitable dip tube construction.
Ethylarmor® SF and DF Dip Tube Dimensions
| Nominal Size |
PTFE Wall |
Connecting Flange |
Mounting Flange |
PTFE Flare | A | T | Max. |
Max. |
Max. Unsupported Length for Agitation |
|
| 'C' | 'M' | FC | FM | OD | L | |||||
| All Dimensions in inches *Denotes size Mounting Flanges available on SF type dip tubes. |
||||||||||
| 3/4 | .090 | 3/4 | 1-1/2 | 1-11/16 | 2-7/8 | 5 | - | 1-3/8 | 20'-0" | 3'-0" |
| 1 | .090 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3-7/8 | 5 | - | 1-5/8 | 20'-0" | 3'-6" |
| 1-1/2 | .125 | 1-1/2 | 3 4 6 8 |
2-7/8 | 5 6-3/16 8-1/2 10-5/8 |
5 | - | 2-1/4 2-9/16 |
20'-0" | 5'-0" |
| 2 | .125 | 2 | 3* 4 6 8 |
3-5/8 | 5 6-3/16 8-1/2 10-5/8 |
5 | 1 | 2-13/16 3 |
20'-0" | 6'-0" |
| 3 | .125 | 3 | 4* 6 8 |
5 | 6-3/16 8-1/2 10-5/8 |
5 | 1-3/16 | 3-15/16 4-1/8 |
15'-0" | 8'-0" |
| 4 | .150 | 4 | 6* 8 |
6-3/16 | 8-1/2 10-5/8 |
6 | 1-1/4 | 4-15/16 5-1/4 |
15'-0" | 10'-0" |
| 6 | .150 | 6 | 8 | 8-1/2 | 10-5/8 | 6 | 1-3/8 | 7-1/16 | 10'-0" | 10'-0" |
| 8 | .170 | 8 | 10 | 10-5/8 | 12-3/4 | 6 | 1-9/16 | 9-3/16 | 9'-6" | 9'-6" |
DF Dip Tube
SF Dip Tube
Ethylarmor® AGI Dip Tube
for Severe Agitation ServiceThe AGI Dip Tube is intended for use in services where the combination of length and loading prohibit the use of standard Ethylarmor® DF Dip Tubes. The larger outer diameter reinforcing pipe significantly increases the ability of the dip tube to withstand external loading. Severe agitation applications of smaller diameter Ethylarmor® dip tubes my require additional reinforcement of the dip tube. Ethylene™ can offer Schedule 120 or even Schedule 160 reinforcing pipe for special applications.
Ethylarmor® AGI Dip Tube Dimensions
| Nominal Size |
Connecting Flange |
Mounting Flange |
Reinforcing Pipe |
PTFE Flare | A | Max. |
Max. Entry Length |
|
| 'C' | 'M' | 'P' | FC | FM | OD | L | ||
| All Dimensions in inches | ||||||||
| 1 | 1" | 4" 6" 8" |
3" | 2 | 6-3/16” 8-1/2” 10-1/2” |
5" | 3 15/16" 4 1/4" 4 1/4" |
15'-0" |
| 1-1/2 | 1-1/2" | 4" 6" 8" |
3" | 2-7/8 | 6-3/16” 8-1/2” 10-1/2” |
5" | 3 15/16" 4 1/4" 4 1/4" |
15'-0" |
| 1-1/2 | 1-1/2" | 6" 8" |
4" | 2-7/8 | 8-1/2” 10-1/2” |
6" | 4 15/16" 5 3/8" |
15'-0" |
| 2 | 2" | 6" 8" |
4" | 3-5/8 | 8-1/2” 10-1/2” |
6" | 4 15/16" 5 3/8" |
15'-0" |
AGI Dip Tube
Ethylarmor® Solid PTFE Dip Tubes and Spargers
Ethylene's solid PTFE Dip Tubes and Spargers are fabricated from heavy-walled virgin PTFE tubes. All flanges are threaded onto the tube and pinned in place. Spargers are drilled to your specifications; number and diameter of holes, distance from the end of the tube and length of drilled section
Consult with our customer service team for applications involving nonstandard sizes or multiple bend configurations. The table below gives dimensions.
Solid Dip Tube Dimensions
| Nominal Dia. |
Nozzle Size |
OD | ID | A | B | R |
| All Dimensions in inches | ||||||
| 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1/2 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 1 | 1-1/2 | 1-3/8 | 7/8 | 1-1/2 | 2-7/8 | 6 |
| 1-1/2 | 2 | 1-7/8 | 1-1/8 | 1-3/4 | 3-5/8 | 8 |
| 2 | 3 | 2-3/4 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 10 |
| 3 | 4 | 3-1/2 | 2-1/2 | 2-3/4 | 6-1/4 | 16 |
| 4 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 8-1/2 | 20 |
Solid Dip Tubes, Diverters, and Spargers
Ethylarmor® Spargers
Ethylarmor Spargers are ideal for steam entrainment or other applications where diffusion of the process fluid is desired. The bottom section of the sparger is an integral part of the encapsulating PTFE liner. It is designed to provide a radial spray that can be tailored to your exact requirements. Spargers can be drilled to your specifications: number and diameter of holes, distance from the end of the tube, and length of drilled section can all be specified.
Sparger Dimensions
| Nominal Size |
Length | Hole Number |
Hole Diameter |
Hole Spacing |
Angle |
| All Dimensions in inches | |||||
| 1 | 6 | 16 | 1/4" | 1.02 | 60° |
| 1-1/2 | 6 | 16 | 3/8" | 1.47 | 60° |
| 2 | 6 | 32 | 3/8" | 1.25 | 60° |
| 3 | 8 | 40 | 1/2" | 1.38 | 60° |
| 4 | 10 | 64 | 1/2" | 1.77 | 60° |
DF Sparger
Ethylarmor® Diverter Tube
A unique tight radius bend capability is ideal when a diverter is required to deflect liquid or gas either toward or away from a vessel wall. The curvature at the bottom of the tube simplifies the installation of the dip tube in reactors with limited overhead space. Variations of the standard diverter's geometry can be accommodated in most cases.
Diverter Dimensions
| Nominal Size |
B (Nom.) |
R (Nom.) |
A (Nom.) |
Max OD |
L (Nom.) |
| All Dimensions in inches. See table below for connection and Mounting Flange Data. | |||||
| 1 | 4" | 6" | 5" | 1-5/8 | 18" |
| 1-1/2 | 5" | 8" | 5" | 2-1/4 | 21" |
| 2 | 6" | 10" | 5" | 2-13/16 | 27" |
| 3 | 6" | 16" | 5" | 3-15/16 | 30" |
| 4 | 8" | 20" | 6" | 4-15/16 | 36" |
Diverter Tube
Ethylarmor® Extended Flare Technology
Ethylene's Extended Flare Face technology eliminates costly reducing flanges by allowing oversized mounting flanges to be integrated into dip tube fabrication. This is also an important factor in the reduction of fugitive emissions; fewer connections mean fewer leak points. The extended flare is subjected to the same rigorous steam-cold water and a 10,000-voltage test as other Ethylarmor® products.
Extended Flare Technology
Ethylarmor® Nozzle Liners
Used in glass-lined steel reactors and vessels, Ethylene® nozzle liners eliminate damage to fragile nozzles during the insertion and operation of dip tubes, Spargers and instrumentation. Nozzle liners also reduce erosion of the glass or alloy vessel nozzles by steam or abrasive materials, preventing process contamination and expensive repairs. Solids build-up is also reduced. They are provided in lengths to meet your exact requirements.
Nozzle Liner Dimensions
| Nozzle Size |
OD | Flare F |
Wall T |
Nozzle Size |
OD | Flare F |
Wall T |
|
| Diameters through 36" are available. Please consult the factory for diameters over 14" not listed. Note: Nominal dimensions shown. | ||||||||
| 1/2 | 1/2 | 1-3/8 | 1/16 | 4 | 3-13/16 | 6-3/16 | 1/8 | |
| 3/4 | 3/4 | 1-11/16 | 1/16 | 6 | 5-3/4 | 8-1/2 | 1/8 | |
| 1 | 15/16 | 2 | 1/16 | 8 | 7-3/4 | 10-5/8 | 1/8 | |
| 1-1/2 | 1-7/16 | 2-7/8 | 1/16 | 10 | 9-3/4 | 12-3/4 | 5/32 | |
| 2 | 1-15/16 | 3-5/8 | 1/16 | 12 | 11-3/4 | 15 | 5/32 | |
| 3 | 2-15/16 | 5 | 1/8 | 14 | 13-3/4 | 16-1/4 | 5/32 | |
Nozzle Liners
Ethylarmor® Calculations
Dip Tubes and spargers used in agitated service are subject to loads which under certain conditions can be so great that bending or complete failure of the unit can occur. Therefore, it is important that these loads be considered when designing or specifying a dip tube or sparger for use in highly agitated service with highly viscous materials. It is critical that the below Ethylarmor® Calculations are performed to calculate the load.
To determine these loads, the following must be known:
- V – Velocity of the process fluid past the tip of the dip tube (ft/sec)
- D – Outside diameter of the dip tube (ft) See table
- L – Entry Length of the dip tube (ft)
- φ – Length of the dip tube immersed in fluid (ft)
- µ – Dynamic viscosity of the process fluid (lbs sec/ft2)
- ρ – Mass density of the process fluid (slugs/ft3) [(1slug/ft3 =32.17lb/ft3)]
The total force exerted on the tube, F, can be determined from the above information. FT is the resultant of the drag and lift forces acting on the tube, FD and FL respectively. FT is given by Equation 1.
Equation 1
FT = √FD2 + FL2
The viscous drag force, FD, is defined by Equation 2.
Equation 2
when: A = φ D
FD = CD V2 ? A
2
the lift force FL, created by alternate vortex shedding on the back surface of the immersed tube is given by Equation 3.
Equation 3
FL = CL ρ V2 A
2
The coefficients for lift and drag, CD and CL, are based on the Reynolds number which can be calculated using Equation 4.
Equation 4
Reynolds Number,
R = ρ D V
µ
CD can be gotten from Figure 1 shown below.
- CL is as follows:
-
- CL = 0.8
- CL = 2.4 – 0.4Log10R
- CL = 0.4
- when:
- (R < 105)
- (105 < R < 106)
- (R > 106)
Equation 5
Equation 1 can be rewritten as:
FT = ρ V2 A√CD2 + CL2
2
The value obtained by Equation 5 must be less than or equal to the maximum allowable load recommended by Ethylene Corporation for the selected unit. The maximum load, Sm, for dip tube or sparger is given by Equation 6.
Equation 6
Sm =WD
12(L -0.5φ)
where WD is the factor given in table If FT < Sm, the unit is sufficiently strong for the intended service. However, a check for resonance should be made.
If the natural frequency of the dip tube is too close to the wake frequency, resonance can occur in the dip tube causing stresses much greater than expected. The natural and wake frequency must be calculated and the ratio of these frequencies must be greater than v2 or less than 0.5.
The natural frequency of the dip tube can be calculated using Equation 7 where the value of factor H is taken from table.
Equation 7
Wn = 135 √H/L4
The wake frequency, W, is calculated using Equation 8.
Equation 8
W = 0.22 V
D
The ratio W/Wn should be less than 0.5 or greater than √2
- Example 1: Dip Tube is Adequate
|
V, fluid velocity |
= 15 (ft/sec) |
|
Dip tube size |
= 3” or 0.312 (ft) from the table |
|
L, entry length |
= 80” or 6.67 (ft) |
|
φ, immersed length |
= 65” or 5.52 (ft) |
|
µ, dynamic viscosity |
= 1.10 centipoise or 2.298x10-5 1lbs sec/ft2 |
|
ρ, fluid mass density |
= 2.10 slugs/ft3 |
- Step 1:
Determine Reynolds number,
R = (2.10• 0.312• 15)/2.298x10-5 =4.277x105
- Step 2:
Determine CD and CL
CD = 0.90(Fig.1), CL = 2.4 – 0.4Log10R (4.277x105)=0.148
- Step 3:
Calculate Force FT using Equation 5,
FT = 0.5• 2.10• 152• (.312• 5.42) x √0.92• 0.1482 = 364lbs
- Step 4:
Calculate allowable force, Sm using Equation 6,
Sm = 48,970/(12•6.67-0.5•5.41)) = 1,030 lbs
Since 364 < 1,030 a 3” dip tube would be adequate for this application.
- Step 5:
Determine the natural frequency, Wn, of the dip tube from Equation 7,
Wn = 135v147.024/6.674 = 36.8 Hz
- Step 6:
Determine wake frequency, W, using Equation 8,
WD = 0.22• 15 / 0.312 = 10.6 Hz
- Step 7:
Test ratio of W / Wn = 10.6 / 36.8 = 0.29
Since 0.29 < 0.5, the dip tube passes the test
Example 2: Dip Tube is Inadequate
|
V, fluid velocity |
= 15 (ft/sec) |
|
Dip tube size |
= 1-1/2 or 0.179 (ft) from table |
|
L, entry length |
= 80” or 6.67 (ft) |
|
φ, immersed length |
= 65” or 5.42 (ft) |
|
µ, dynamic viscosity |
= 1.10 centipoise or 2.298x10-5 sec/ft2 |
|
ρ, fluid mass density |
= 2.10 slugs/ft3 |
- Step 1:
Determine Reynolds number,
R=(2.10• 0.179• 15)/2.298x10-5=2.454x105
- Step 2:
Determine CD and CL
CD =0.90 (Fig.1), CL = 2.4-log10 (2.454x105) = 0.244
- Step 3:
Calculate force FT using Equation 5,
FT = 0.5• 2.10• 152• (.179• 5.42) x √0.92• 0.2442 = 214 lbs
- Step 4:
Calculate allowable force, Sm using Equation 6,
Sm= 9064/(12•(6.67-0.5•5.41)) = 191 lbs
Since 214 < 191 a 1-1/2” dip tube would NOT be suitable for this application.
- Step 5:
Determine the natural frequency, Wn, of the dip tube from Equation 7,
Wn = 135√41.62/6.674 = 24.8 Hz
- Step 6:
Determine wake frequency, W, using Equation 8,
WD = 0.22• 15 / 0.179 = 15.1 Hz
- Step 7:
Test ratio of W / Wn = 15.1 / 24.8 = 0.61
Since 0.5 < 0.61 < √2, the dip tube fails the test
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